Expressionism in Early 20th Century Art

Aspects of all the avian-garden movements contributed to the emergence of expressionism. Expressionism refers to art that is the result of the artist's unique inner or personal vision that often has an emotional dimension. This contrasts with art focused on the visual description of the empirical world. This was a rejection of Renaissance sensibilities that had governed the western art world for the previous 500 years. The term expressionism was popularized in the avian-garden Journal Deer Strum.The editor Hearth Walden proclaimed: â€Å"We call art of this century Expressionism in order to distinguish it from what is not art. We are thoroughly aware that artists of previous centuries also sought expression. Only they did not know how to formulate it. † There are several movements of the 20th century that are classified as expressionist. Some of this expressionist art evokes visceral emotional responses from the viewer, whereas other such artworks rely on the artist introspect ive revelations.Often the expressionists offended viewers and even critics, but the sought empathy – connection between the internal states of artists and viewers – not sympathy. Dada With war as a backdrop, many artists contributed to an artistic and literary movement hat became known as Dada. This movement emerged, in large part, in reaction to an insane spectacle of collective homicide. They were â€Å"utterly revolted by the butchery of the World War. Dada was international in scope beginning in New York and Switzerland and spreading to other areas.Dada was more off mindset or attitude than a singular identifiable style. The Dadaists believed reason and logic had been responsible for the unmitigated disaster of world war, and they concluded that the only route to salvation was through political anarchy, the irrational, and the intuitive. Thus, an element of absurdity is a cornerstone of Dada. Dada is a term unrelated to the movement, choosing the word randomly fro m the dictionary. The word is French for â€Å"hobby horse. It satisfied the Dadaists desire for something irrational and nonsensical The pessimism and disgust of these artists surfaced in their disdain for convention and tradition, characterized by a concerted and sustained attempt to undermine cherished notions and assumptions about art. Although the artist's cynicism and pessimism inspired Dada, what developed was phenomenally influential and powerful. By attacking convention and logic, the Dada artist's unlocked new avenues for creative invention, allowing artists to push boundaries farther than previous movements.Dada was in its submissiveness, extraordinarily avian-garden and very liberating. In addition to disdain, a current of humor and the whimsical, along with irreverence flows through much of the art. This can be seen in Duchess's Mona Lisa, and Francis Pica's, Portrait of Cezanne. The views of the Dadaists mirrored those of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and others. In its e mphasis on the spontaneous and the intuitive, Dada had interest in the exploration of the subconscious that Freud promoted. Images rising out of the subconscious mind had a truth of their own, they believed, independent of conventional vision.Jean Arp (1887-1966) pioneered the use of chance in composing his images. Tiring of the Cubist look in his collages, Arp took sheets of paper, tore them roughly into squares, haphazardly dropped them to a sheet of paper on the floor, and glued them into the resulting arrangement. The rectangular shapes unified the design, which Arp no doubt enhanced by adjusting the random arrangement to a quasi-grid. Even with some altering, chance had introduced an imbalance that seemed to Arp to store to his work a certain mysterious vitality he wanted.Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance is a work done using this method. The operations of chance were for Dadaists a crucial part of this kind of improvisation. Chance could restore to a work of art its primeval magic power and find a way back to the immediacy it had lost through contact with Classicism. Rap's reliance on chance when creating his compositions reinforced the anarchy and submissiveness inherent in Dada. The most influential of the Dadaists was Frenchman Marcel Decamp (1887-1968), he central artist in the New York Dada and active in Paris at the end of Dada.In 1913 he exhibited his first â€Å"ready-made† sculptures, which were mass produced common, found objects the artist selected and sometimes â€Å"rectified† by modifying their substance or combining them with another object. Such works, he insisted, were created free from any consideration of either good or bad taste, qualities shaped by a society he and other Dada artists found bankrupt. Perhaps his most outrageous work was Fountain, a porcelain urinal presented on its back and signed â€Å"R. Mute† and dated.The artist's signature was in fact a witty pseudonym derived from the Moot plu mbing company's name and that of the Mute and Jeff comic strip. Decamp did not select the object for exhibition for its aesthetic qualities. The â€Å"artiness† of this work lies in the artist's choice of his object, which has the effect of conferring the status of art on it and forces the viewer to see the object in a new light. Decamp wrote, after Fountain was rejected from an injured show, â€Å"Whether Mr.. Mute with his own hands made the fountain or not has no importance. He chose it.He took an ordinary article of life, placed it so that its useful significance separated under a new title and point of view – created a new thought for that object. Decamp (and the generations of artists after him profoundly influenced by his art and especially his attitude) considered life and art matters of chance and choice freed from the conventions of society and tradition. Within his approach to art and life, each act was individual and unique. Every person's choice of found objects would be different. This philosophy of utter freedom for artists was fundamental to the history of art in the 20th century.Decamp spent much of World War I in New York, inspiring a group of American artists and collectors with his radical rethinking of the role of artists and of the nature of art. Dada spread throughout much of Western Europe, arriving as early as 1917 in Berlin, where it soon took on an activist political edge, particularly in response to the economic, social, and political chaos in the city after World War l. The Berlin artists developed a new intensity for a technique called photometer (pasting parts of many images together into one image).This technique had been in popular and private culture and was used on postcards long before the 20th century. A few years earlier, the Cubists had named the process collage. Unlike Cubist collage, the parts of Dada collage were made almost entirely of â€Å"found† details, such as pieces of magazine photographs, usually combined into deliberately ontological compositions. Collage lent itself well to the Dada desire to use chance when creating art and anti- art. One of the Berlin Dadaists who perfected the photometer technique was Hannah Hoc (1889-1978).Her works not only advanced the absurd illogic of Dada by presenting the viewer with chaotic, contradictory, and satiric compositions, but they also provided scathing and insightful commentary on two of the most dramatic developments during the Whimper Republic (1918-1933) in Germany – the redefinition of women's social roles and the explosive growth of mass print media. In, Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Whimper Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany, Hoc arranged an eclectic mixture of cutout photos in seemingly haphazard fashion.On closer inspection, we see that Hoc carefully placed photographs of some of her fellow Dadaists among images of Marx, Lenin and other revolutionary figures in the lower right. She also pla ced cutout lettering saying â€Å"Die grosser Welt dada† (the great Dada world). She also Juxtaposed the heads of German military leaders on the bodies of exotic dancers, providing a wicked critique of German leaders. A photograph of Hooch's head appears in the lower right hand corner, Juxtaposed with a map of Europe showing the progress of women's enfranchisement.Kurt Schweitzer (1887-1948) worked non-objectively, finding visual poetry in the cast off Junk of modern society and scavenged in trash bins for materials, which he pasted and nailed together into designs such as our example Mere 19. Mere is a word that Schweitzer nonsensically derived from the word Zimmermann (commerce bank), and used as a generic title for a whole series of works. The recycled elements acquire new meanings through their new uses and locations. Elevating objects that are essentially trash to the status of high art fits well with Dada philosophy.The European Effect on American Art: Transatlantic Art istic Dialogue John Singer Sergeant, James McNeil Whistler, and Mary Cast were American arts that spent much of their productive careers in Europe, while many European artists ended their careers in the United States in anticipation and because of World War l. Visionary patrons supported the efforts of American and other artists to pursue modernist ideas. Some of the patrons were matrons or women as opposed to men. Thus there support might be labeled metronome.The art scene in America before significant European Modernist influence was quite varied yet profoundly realist. Many American artists were committed to presenting a realistic, unvarnished look at life, much like the mid-19th century French Realists. One such group has been called The Eight. They were a group of American artists who gravitated to the circle of influential and evangelical artist and teacher Robert Henry (1865-1929). Henry encouraged these artists to make â€Å"pictures from life. † These images depicted the rapidly changing urban landscape of New York City.Because these paintings captured the bleak and seedy aspects of city life, The Eight eventually became known as The Ashcan School and were referred to as â€Å"the apostles of ugliness. † John Sloan (1871-1951) wandered the streets of New York observing human drama. His main focus was on the working class, which he viewed as the embodiment of the realities of life. So immersed was Sloan into his views of the working class, that he joined the Socialist party and ran for office on their ticket. His works often depicted the down trodden, prostitutes, and drunkards.Slogan's depiction of these subjects was not as one who saw these things as immoral and evil, something to be removed, like the reformers of the day, rather, he saw them as victims of an unfair social and economic system. Sixth Avenue and 30th Street (1907), depicts the street corner of this name in New York. We see the elevated train and shops of that area. A drun ken woman in a white dress stumbles toward the viewer as a pair of well dressed ladies or street walkers look on in amusement. This scene is not uplifting nor does it show the well to do. Instead it records the everyday happenings of the working class.Sunday-Women Drying Their Hair (1913), depicts three women on the roof of their tenement taking some time to dry their hair after washing it. George Bellows (1882-1925) Bellows first achieved notice in 1908, when he and other pupils of Robert Henry organized an exhibition of mostly urban studies. While many critics considered these to be crudely painted, others found them audacious and a step beyond the work of his teacher. Bellows taught at the Art Students League of New York in 1909, although he was more interested in pursuing a career as a painter.His fame grew as he contributed to other nationally recognized Juries shows. Bellows' series of paintings portraying amateur boxing matches were arguably his signature contribution to art history. These paintings are characterized by dark atmospheres, through which the bright, roughly lain brushstrokes of the human figures vividly strike with a strong sense of motion and direction. George Lukas (1867-1933) also painted scenes of urban life. He lived what he painted. He was a boxer and had a temper which often landed him in fights. It is perhaps fitting that he died in 1933 as a result of injuries sustained in a bar fight.Huston Street painted in 1917, is an example of Lukas work that demonstrates his loose, roughly painted style. Allen Street painted in 1905, is also demonstrative of Lukas' style. Everett Shin (1876-1953) created paintings which found their subject matter in the slums as well as in middle-class cafe © society and in theatrical activities. His theater scenes were usually done in oil, his slum and lower-class pictures in pastel. Unlike John Sloan, who felt a genuine reformer's commitment to lower-class urban themes, Shin viewed the entire city as a b right, glittering spectacle to savor and to enjoy until the end of his life.His art reflects the influences of Dandier, Edgar Degas, and Jean-Louis Forman. The Armory Show and Its Legacy One of the major vehicles for disseminating information about European Artistic developments in the United States was the Armory Show, which occurred in early 1913. This large scale endeavor got its name from its location, the armory of the New York National Guard's 69th Regiment. It was organized largely by two artists Walt Kuhn and Arthur B. Davies. The Armory Show contained more than 1,600 artworks by European and American artists. Among the European artists represented wereMatisse, Derail, Picasso, Baroque, Decamp, Sandusky, Kerchief, as well as Expressionist sculpture Wilhelm Lumbermen and organic sculpture Constantine Branches. This show exposed American artists and public to the latest in European artistic developments. The Show was immediately controversial. The New York Times described the show as â€Å"pathological,† and other critics demented the exhibition be closed as a menace to public morality. The work that was most maligned was Marcel Duchess's Nude Descending a Staircase. The painting suggests a single figure in motion down a staircase in a time continuum.The work as much in common with the Cubists and Futurists. One critic described the work as â€Å"an explosion at a shingle factory,† and newspaper cartoonists had a field day lampooning the painting. De Still Utopian ideals were also expressed in Holland. De Still was a group of young artists that formed in 1917. It believed that the end of World War I was the birth off new age. The group was co-founded by Piety Mandarin (1872-1944) and Leo Van Dossiers (1883-1931). They felt this time was a balance between individual and universal values, when the machine would assure ease of living.They declared, in their first manifesto, â€Å"There is an old and a new consciousness of the age. The old one is directed toward the individual. The new one is directed toward the universal. † We must realize that life and art are no longer separate domains. That is why the â€Å"idea† of â€Å"art† as an illusion separate from real life must disappear. The word â€Å"Art† no longer meaner anything to us. In its place we demand the construction of our environment in accordance with creative laws based on fixed principle. These laws, following those of economics, mathematics, technique, and sanitation, etc. , are all leading too new, plastic unity.Mandarin felt that his style revealed the underlying eternal structure of existence. This style was based on a single principle. Deities artists reduced their artistic vocabulary to simple geometric elements. After his initial introduction to abstraction, Mandarin was attracted to contemporary theological drawings. Mandarin sought to purge his art of every overt reference to individual objects in the external world. This combination produced a conception of non-objective design he called â€Å"pure plastic art† which he believed expressed universal reality. â€Å"Art is higher than reality and has no direct relation to reality†¦To approach the spiritual in art, one will make as little use as possible of reality, because reality is opposed to the spiritual†¦ We find ourselves in the presence of an abstract art. Art should be above reality, otherwise it would have no value for man. To express his vision, Mandarin eventually limited his formal vocabulary to the three primary colors, the three primary values, and the two primary directions (horizontal and vertical). He concluded that the primary colors and values are the purist colors and therefore the perfect tools to construct harmonious composition.Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow, is one of many paintings Mandarin created locking color planes into a grid intersecting vertical and horizontal lines. He altered the grid patterns and the size and placement of the color planes to create an internal cohesion and harmony. Mandarin worked to maintain a dynamic tension in his paintings from the size and position of lines, shapes, and colors. The Bauhaus The De Still group influenced other artists through its simplified geometric style, and its notion that art and life are one.In Germany, the architect Walter Groping (1883-1969) developed a vision of â€Å"total architecture†. This concept influenced generations of pupils through the school he directed called the Bauhaus. In 1919, Groping was appointed director of the Whimper School of Arts and Crafts. Under Groping, the school was renamed Dads Statistical Bauhaus (roughly translated as â€Å"State School of Building†) and was referred to as the Bauhaus. Groping' goal was to train artists, architects, and designers to anticipate 20th century needs. The extensive curriculum was based on certain principles.The first staunchly advocated the importance o f strong basic design and craftsmanship as fundamental to good art ND architecture. His belief that there was no essential difference between artist and craftsman, led him to place both a technical instructor and an artist in each department. Second, Groping promoted the unity of art, architecture, and design. To eliminate traditional boundaries that separated art from architecture, and art from craft, the Bauhaus offered a wide range of craft type classes in addition to the more standard courses.Third, Groping emphasized the need to produce graduates who could design progressive environments through the knowledge and need of machine age technologies and materials. This required the artist / craftsman to fully understand industrial and mass production. Groping declared, â€Å"Let us conceive and create the new building of the future, which will emphasize architecture and sculpture and painting in one unity and which will rise one day toward heaven from the hands of millions of work ers like a crystal symbol off new faith. The reference to a unity of workers reveals the undercurrent of socialism present in Germany at the time. One Bauhaus teacher who had a lasting legacy on artists was Josef Labels (1888-1976). He was a German born artist whose greatest contribution to the school as his revision of the basic design course required of all students. He required a systematic and thorough investigation of arts formal qualities; what has been termed the elements and principles of design. Labels investigated arts formal qualities in his own work.In his series, Homage to the Square, painted after he left the Bauhaus, between 1950 and 1976, encapsulates the design concepts he developed while at the Bauhaus. The series consists of hundreds of paintings, most of which were simply color variations on the same composition of concentric squares. The series reflects Labels belief that art originates in â€Å"the discrepancy between physical fact and psychic effect. Because of their consistency in composition, the works succeed in revealing the relativity and instability of color perception.Labels varied the hue (color), saturation (brightness and dullness), and value (lightness or darkness) of each square in the paintings in the series. As a result, the squares from painting to painting appear to vary in size (although they remained the same), and the sensations emanating from the paintings range from clashing dissonance to delicate serenity. Labels demonstration of the reactions of colors to one another â€Å"proved that we see colors almost never unrelated to each other. † Labels ideas about design and color were widely disseminated.In 1925, the Bauhaus moved to Odessa, Germany. Groping designed the building for the Bauhaus as a sort of architectural manifesto. The building consisted of a workshop and class areas, a dining room, theatre, gym, a wing with studio apartments, and an enclosed two story bridge housing administrative offices. Of th e major wings, the most dramatic was the Shop Block. The Nazi's tore down this building, but the main buildings were later constructed. Three stories tall, the Shop Block housed a printing shop and dye works facility, in addition to other work areas.The builder's constructed the skeleton of reinforced concrete but set these supports way back, sheathing the entire structure in glass, creating a streamlined and light effect. This designs' simplicity followed Groupie's dictum that architecture should avoid â€Å"all romantic embellishment and whimsy. † Further, he realized the â€Å"economy in the use of space† articulated in his list of principles in his interior layout of the Shop Block, which consists of large areas of free flowing undivided space. Groping believed such an open classroom approach encouraged interaction and the sharing of ideas.Groping gave students and teachers the task of designing furniture and light fixtures for the building in keeping with the comp rehensive philosophy of the Bauhaus. One memorable furniture design to emerge from the Bauhaus was the tubular steel chair crafted by the Hungarian Marcel Brewer (1902-1981). Brewer was inspired to use tubular steel while riding his bike and studying his handle bars. In keeping with Bauhaus aesthetics, his chairs have a simplified, geometric look, and the leather of cloth purports add to the chairs comfort and functionality.These chairs were also easily mass produced and thus stand as epitomes of the Bauhaus program. This reductive, spare geometric aesthetic served many purposes – artistic, practical, and social. This aesthetic was championed by the Bauhaus and De Still. This simplified artistic vocabulary was accepted because of its association with the avian-garden and progressive though, and it evoked the machine. It could be easily applied to all art forms, from stage design, to architecture, and advertising, and therefore was perfect for mass production.

Drug Addiction Disease or Choice? Essay

Drug addiction, disease or choice, the National Institution of Drugs Association (NIDA) has determined Drug Addiction a chronic, relapsing brain disease while opposing views debate Drug Addiction as solely a choice controlled voluntarily? Drug addiction is now recognized as a chronic relapsing brain disease expressed in the form of compulsive behaviors. Hence, the estimated economic cost contributed to disease foundations is $181Billion a year? Could this be a loophole for obtaining funds and doesn’t this kind of money seem high to be contributed to a voluntarily poor decision? Weather you believe addiction to be a disease or a choice is to be seen. Many well respected professors and scientist claim addiction is a scapegoat behavior that has been incorrectly identified as a physical or mental illness, an addict is only a victim of bad science and misguided policy. NIDA has made ground-breaking discoveries about the brain and has revolutionized our understanding of drug abuse a nd drug addiction. Later to be defined is what the significant difference between abuse and addiction, which can ultimately change ones point of view. The following is a combination of research by medical institutions and well respected professional in the fields of science, along with two very interviews, with an ex drug addict turned counselor for a methadone treatment facility, an individual in active addiction, and a recovering addict. The experience, strength, and hopes of these professionals and the personal trauma had by each of these addicts is part of a message that should be heard by anyone ever touched by the disease of addiction in any way shape or form. Drug Addiction is a growing problem today and has caught the attention of many professionals these professionals have opposing views of the cause, some will say Drug addiction is a disease while others will claim it is a voluntary choice of poor decisions making. NIDA has determined that addiction is a disease. The big controversy is said to be in the difference of terminology. Before one can make the assessment weather addiction is a  disease or choice they must first understand the difference between addiction and abuse. What are the differences Between a Drug Abuser, and a Drug Addict? Many people assume that addiction is simply an overuse of drugs, and that the addict is just a drug user who chooses to use too much. But research has shown that addiction, unlike casual drug use, is no longer a matter of free choice. â€Å"Functionally you’ve moved into a different state, a state of compulsive drug use,† says Alan Leshner, Ph.D., director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Drug use really isn’t a choice of morality. By interview with a counselor at a drug rehabilitation center â€Å"Drug addiction is a mental disorder with a physical allergy.† When an addict doesn’t use they become ill physically, muscles tighten, sweats and stomach pains, vomiting and many other flu like symptoms surface. Then the voice in the brain begins to talk to them and it is a vicious cycle of emotional stress. The abuser can use at parties and on special occasions. He or she ma y like to use when they chose, but if they do not use drugs they do not have a mental relapse or physical discomforts. When an addict puts down the drug they are not cured, they are only sober. For this reason many addicts must undergo either a 12 step program or have the support of a drug counselor. An abuser can stop using at any given time and never pick up again. The National Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Medicine, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Medical Association all define this state of driven, compulsive use as the essence of addiction. Someone who abuses drugs may suffer negative consequences from using, as the addict does, but generally can and does stop when these consequences become too severe. The addict may be unable to stop, even after negative consequences, without medical and/or behavioral help. Says Steven Hyman, M.D., director of the National Institute of Mental Health, â€Å"An alcoholic taking a drink looks like anyone else engaged in that behavior, but what’s happening in his or her head is different.† He or she is in the grip of a powerful compulsion that may lead to a binge. (Firshein, Janet) Some have characterized addiction as a behavioral choice and can be controlled voluntarily. There is an interview with Gene M Heyman a professor at Harvard University, as the conversation around his ideas of addiction being  a voluntary decision and why anyone would want to volunteer to be an addict. Gene Hymens findings are and what they mean. The author argues what has been said about addiction in so many studies, â€Å"drug addiction is a Disease† this means it is not a choice. Heyman states it is simply an act of voluntary choice. While he does not pretend to be a policy expert, he does believe that treatment should consist of non-drug activities to lower the value of the â€Å"drug.† (Akst, Daniel) Heyman states, â€Å"In a most impressive display of brain technology, scientists have used scanning technologies to observe metabolic activity of the brain in action. In a typical demonstration, addicts are shown drug related videos that depict people handling crack pipes and needles. Brain scans capture the viewer’s reaction to these provocative ima ges and represent it as glowing Technicolor splotches of color that represent activation in drug sensitized brain regions. (Videos of neutral contact depict no such activity.)† Heyman goes on to make his claim that this proves that addiction is not a brain state it is a behavior. (Leshner) It’s not strange or unlikely that as soon as a person hears the word’s addiction, they are interpreted immediately as a negative and a stigma is automatically attached to the individual with the addiction. In the article called â€Å"Drug Addiction: A Brain disease?† I have found that there are studies that define â€Å"drug addiction, â€Å"as a compulsion to take drugs. There are many biological factors that are indications of â€Å"drug addiction† being a form of a mental disease do to the lack of control one has in their behavior. â€Å"Drug addiction† affects even the neurotransmitters that one uses to learn or for memory. The studies go on and on and do to the behavioral components there are some scientists and other professionals who seem hesitant to call â€Å"drug addiction† a brain disease. (Pietas’, Nicole) Some say it is a disease some say it’s a choice. None the less, he disease of addiction has become such the problem in the United States of America it is considered the most costly and damaging DISEASE by the National Institute of Drug Abuse. This kind of money being delegated for these drug addicts and alcoholics is alarming. If not a disease than what is it? The evidence and research has been done. The brain behaves differently in an addict. When one ingests drugs one of the changes is the rise in available levels of certain  neurotransmitters associated with feelings of pleasure. Key among these is dopamine; a naturally occurring neuro-transmitter that some scientists now think is implicated in most of the basic human experiences of pleasure. The pleasure of a kiss, a bowl of favorite ice cream, and a compliment may all be related to a rise in dopamine levels in the normal person’s brain. Drugs of abuse also boost dopamine levels. When a person takes a hit of crack cocaine or a drag on a cigarette the drug causes a spike in dopamine levels in the brain, and a rush of euphoria, or pleasure. While it’s not the only chemical involved in drug abuse, experts have come to believe that dopamine is the crucial one. The damage is truly done over time as neurotransmitters are not replaced pain and suffering becomes more real when drugs are not present. The cycle of addiction is so cruelly painful. How can one assume or argue that this is a choice? We would be claiming that 600,000 people currently addicted to heroin today are just gluttons for punishment. Is there a cure for this disease? Unfortunately, no cure up to date, but recovery is possible with persistence, guidance and reinforcement as learned in an interview with Charlotte Doe, an ex addict turned CDAC Certified Counselor of Drug and Alcohol addiction, at Spectrum Health, a methadone rehabilitation center. The question is how bad does one want recovery? When asked, what was her most challenging responsibility; her response was being able to know when someone wasn’t ready and knowing that any day could be their last. She explained how there is no one rule in how to counsel an addict it’s not found in a text book, and no two addicts are the same. Her best gift to offer is being able to identify with the addict from experience. Charlotte also believes strongly in that meetings and step work are incredibly important. Putting the drug down is only the beginning of a long road ahead. The experience strength and hope from a recovering addict and a drug treatment counselor is how this addict is giving back to society. The sad part is that some haven’t truly hit â€Å"rock bottom† and until they do, they will not be ready. Hence, the addict relapsing, this is a term of when an addict puts down the drugs for a period of time to endure recovery and has a setback. There is an active addict which we will call, John Doe, who I had the pleasure of speaking with who shared with me the pain and suffering he goes through. He has attempted recovery numerous times, but  just can’t seem to find a way to stay clean. He knows that when he is in recovery, for example inpatient, he can stay clean. The problem is once subjected to â€Å"life on lifes terms† its back to square one. He also admits that until his enablers, those who make his using possible, stop being providers than he will continue using. Again, hearing those words straight from the mouth of an addict one can agree that until an addict Hits â€Å"rock bottom† there may not be a chance for recovery. Charlotte said it best, an enabler is cheating the addict of his/her â€Å"Rock Bottom†. Tough love is the key in a situation like Johns. His enablers might need to take a step back and let John go through his process. Being addicted can’t be a very pleasurable habit. It’s costly, you have to answer to the drugs regularly, no vacation without them, no chance of separation from the substance while sick and suffering. You are no longer your own boss, the drugs are. Unfortunately for the addict people continue to think it’s primarily a moral and poor Choice caused by being a degenerate and having lack of willpower. As learned in the research addiction is a disease that Causes addicts to have no regard for consequences and to abandoned everyone and everything with no control. Addiction is a disease that causes changes in the brain, which then drive certain behaviors, taking the drug compulsively, but addicts can learn to change the behavior. We wouldn’t blame a person with a heart disease for having a heart attack. But we would guide them into better habits; a healthy diet, exercise, and making sure they are complying with medication. The same with an addict, we can blame them for being sick, but we should encourage and make them responsible for their recovery. The disease itself cannot be cured but can be treated. It’s been said that the public has little sympathy for addicts, but â€Å"whether you like the person or not, you’ve got to deal with their problem as an illness.† Given the views of the professionals and personally affected individuals has your opinion of addiction been altered? Akst, Daniel The 1eBoston Glob, August 9, 2009Akst Daniel www.Boston.com/ bostonglobe/ idea /articles/2009/08/09 Campbell, William G. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Nov2003, Vol. 48 Issue 10, p669- 674, 6p, 1 Chart; (AN 11539480) Falk,Daniel; Hsiao-Ye Yi; Susanne Hiller-Sturmhà ¶fel. Alcohol Research & Health, 2008, Vol. 31 Issue 2, p100-110, 11p, 4 Feske,Ulrike; Tarter, Ralph; Kirisci, Levent; Pilkonis, Paul. American Journal on Addictions, Mar2006, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p131-137, 7p, 1 Firshein, Janet, PBS Online Leshner Science 3 October 1997: 45 DOI:10.1126/science.278.5335.45, www.scienceAAAS.org the Addiction Is a Brain Disease, and It Matters Miriam-Webster, I. (2002). Merriam-Webster’s Third New International Dictionary Unabridged. Retrieved www.mwu.eb.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/mwu Pietas, Nicole. Drug Addiction: A Brain Disease? Serendip Biology 1/17/08

Homeostasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homeostasis - Essay Example The excretion of these hormones from the kidneys stops when intake is enough and diluted urine is excreted. The homeostatic mechanism at times acts as the sole surviving mechanism of the body. The presence of homeostasis in our body gives us the freedom to work in any weather, day or night, hot or cold, dry or stormy. If there was no homeostasis, we could not have been able to regulate our body temperature. That would have resulted in the hibernation of our species during winters like many other living things. The regulation and adoption of our body's internal environment according to the external environment has provided us with the freedom to work in summers when we could preserve water by excreting concentrated urine, work in winters by preserving heat by peripheral vasoconstriction and erection of skin hair which trap a layer of air preserving body heat. When the body is pushed beyond the limits of homeostatic control, cellular death occurs such as frost bite that occurs in extre me cold or stroke that could occur in extreme dehydration when homeostasis fails due to the extremes of temperature. Maintenance of homeostasis is especially important in a developing embryo since the developing organs require a perfect internal environment to grow in. also, the metabolic enzymes require specific conditions to function and produce the energy required by the embryo. Absence or failure of homeostatic mechanism in developing embryo could lead to in-vitro death or abnormal development and the new born may not be liable to life.

Reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act Assignment

Reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act - Assignment Example The loss of habitats for most wildlife is the main cause of listing of species. On listing of a certain species, legal and powerful means are availed to protect its habitats. In the same way, when resources are associated with the listed species, for example water in dry regions or free-flowing rivers, ESA is seen as a hindrance to greater human utilisation. ESA may also be controversial since the diminishing species usually are harbingers of broader ecosystem conflicts. This makes ESA a major driver of large-scale ecosystem restoration issues (Miller & Spoolman 315).Previous congresses have held oversight hearings on the implementation of certain federal laws and programs addressing endangered and threatened species (Snape and Weiner 61). Some of the hearings involved topics such as delisting and listing decisions under ESA to validate endowment levels for international programs of conservation. The 113th congress that will be held will include discussion of issues like how to allocate programs and activities that seek to assist the adaptation of certain species to changes in climate. Another issue that will be discussed concerning ESA will be concerned with the role of Science in making decisions on essential habitat designation, suitable fortification of listed species, incentives for property owners among other decisions (Miller & Spoolman 315). ESA is one of the most contentious environmental regulations due to its substantive requirements that influence the use of both non-federal and federal resources and lands. Under the law, species are to be listed as in danger of extinction based solely on the most significant scientific information without regarding economic factors (The University of Michigan 6). Congress is faces the matter of how to weigh the safeguarding of endangered species with economic interests (Heather & Snape 62). Strong opposition has been the major cause of failure to reauthorize ESA. The last reauthorization

Autumn Moon Festival in San Francisco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Autumn Moon Festival in San Francisco - Essay Example ering that the Autumn Moon Festival is close to the end-period of summer harvest, a lot of people in San Francisco take this opportunity to give thanks for a fruitful return. A large photo of â€Å"Chang’e floating to the Moon† (Chinatown Merchants Association, 2005) is commonly used to symbolize the legendary and ancient stories about the Autumn Moon Festival. The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important holidays in the Chinese calendar since this occasion is not only being celebrated in San Francisco but also in other countries like Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan among others where the Chinese population is huge. Xia and Shang Dynasty in China greatly influence the Autumn Moon Festival. Chinese people during the Zhou Dynasty celebrated the Mid-Autumn Festival for the purpose of worshiping the moon. During the olden days, it is possible for the sun or the moon to be worshiped by people as deities since these were some of the readily visible objects. (ChinaTown Merchants Association, 2005) Over the years, this practice has been passed on to Tang Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty started the practice of producing round moon cakes as a symbol of the moon which they give to their relatives as a gift and good wishes to their family members. The 17th Annual Autumn Moon Festival in San Francisco was celebrated with lion and dragon dances, beauty queens, Chinese arts and crafts, moon cakes, and other commercially sold food and drinks. (Pang, 2007) Approximately more than 100 communities or roughly 100,000 individuals joined the celebration which took place in September 22 and 23 wherein participants has enjoyed the different forms of entertainment presented on stage. Most of the entertainment programs were very much inspired by the traditional Chinese folk dances, martial arts, and the modern jazz routines. Some popular Chinese songs were also sung by some of the Festival performers. Since the Autumn Moon Festival in

Outline the influence of corporate power on society and polities Research Paper

Outline the influence of corporate power on society and polities - Research Paper Example This research essay will analyze how corporations around the world are exerting their sway on the respective governments and societies, and the ways and means to prevent it and how to make them more socially accountable for their actions. Corporate authority and influence naturally are fostered along with commoditization. Corporate authority is employed to nourish policies that kindle commoditized economic development. As these governmental policies are prone to be tilting toward commoditization, corporations wield more or more power, thereby influencing corporate power at all levels towards supporting commoditization. Multinational companies are employing their power to persuade nations to minimize their tariffs, to remove the barriers to investments, to annul or eliminate the rules on repatriating profits out of countries in which they have invested and to lower the corporate tax rates and to offer incentives to foreign investors. The corporate laws around the world are being drafted in such a way that it facilitates to create an atmosphere which is favorable to amass capital and to incorporate and run companies (Costanza, 1999, p.224). With the extraordinary powers which corporations are possessing with through regulations, nowadays they have started to wield their sway on not only governments but also on societies in which they operate. This research essay will analyze the manner and style with which the corporations are exerting their power on the governments and societies, how to prevent them and to make them more socially responsible to the various stakeholders to whom they have to be accountable. The main aim of this research essay is to demonstrate how regulatory capture, i.e. how the interest of the public is sacrificed to the advantage of a corporation and how corporations around the world are exerting influence on the government or regulators.

Hotel Paris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hotel Paris - Essay Example Hotel Paris The various problems in this context are studied and analysed in the study and suitable recommendations are provided for eliminating the gaps and attaining a greater association between compensation plans in the organization and strategic objectives of the company. It is also aimed at attaining greater satisfaction and contentment of employees such they are adequately motivated to perform up to the desired standards in the organization. Challenge 1 The present compensation structure in the company is highly unstructured, unplanned and unsophisticated. In this, the pay range for workers is too narrow and does not differentiate much between them at different positions, such as front desk clerks, security guards etc. â€Å"Like several other HR systems at the Hotel Paris, the compensation programs were unplanned and unsophisticated........................each job category†. Challenge 2 Maintaining a salary standard which is competitive in the market seems to be inadequate to attain the best contributions and performance of employees. Also the compensation structures are not enough to motivate them to perform to their best abilities. They remain frustrated and discontented and this leads to high employee turnovers and attritions. â€Å"For example, the firm’s policy is simply to pay its employees a competitive salary...............extraordinarily service oriented workforce†. ... â€Å"The company has given little thought to tying general pay levels or individual employees' pay to the company's strategic goals†. Solutions Solution 1 Firstly a well defined job roles and responsibilities must be created for all positions in the organizations which include front line employees, securities, staffs, back-end workers, management executives etc. Compensation structures must be developed according to this structure and must be generated as per educational qualifications of employees, numbers of years of experience and position and designation in the organization. It is to be ensured that there is no overlap between the salary slabs for the different positions. This is important in order to differentiate between the positional roles of employees. The same salary from two different levels would necessarily de-motivate employees at the higher level of the hierarchy (Mathis & Jackson, 2011, p.153). Solution 2 Finally, setting a compensation standard at par with th e industry standard would not be effective in retaining or attracting talents in the organization. There can be multiple organizations paying similar compensation and employees would be easily tempted towards them. Thus it is recommended that the compensation level must be a step higher than the industry standards in order to attract and retain talents from the industry. However, a fair proportion of the gross salary must be performance based. This would not only help to get potential candidates but also help to motivate them to perform to the best of their ability in the organization. Besides this, it would also serve the purpose of controlling employee attritions to a

Retail Theories and Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Retail Theories and Strategies - Essay Example Retailing is an activity of enormous economic significance to most developed nations. In Britain, 2.5 million people are employed in retailing, comprising 10.5 percent of all employees (National Statistics, 2001a). Retailers provide the goods and services needed--from food, auto parts, apparel, home furnishings, appliances and electronics to advice, home improvement and skilled labor. Retailing is one of the fastest-growing segments of the economy. As one of the nation's largest employers, the retail industry provides excellent business opportunities. At least one-third of the 100,000 or so new enterprises launched each year are retail operations. The entrepreneurs behind these ventures risk their capital, invest their time and make a living by offering consumers something they need or want. Most retailing involves buying merchandise or a service from a manufacturer, wholesaler, agent, importer or other retailer and selling it to consumers for their personal use. The price charged fo r the goods or services covers the retailer's expenses and includes a profit. Each year, this vital sector of the UK economy accounts for about 08 percent of our gross national product--more than $1 billion.. Most are store retailers, though there are other types of enterprises--such as e-commerce, mail order, automatic-merchandising (vending) machines, direct retailing (door-to-door and home party sales), and service providers. ... Strategically, food retailing has become a highly competitive industry increasingly answerable to the City and shareholder pressure. Labour represents the second largest financial outlay for the retailer after merchandise costs. The most efficient means of labour utilization are therefore a strategic priority. Attempts to improve market share and increase profitability have resulted in operational changes that have influenced the structure of the retail food labor market.It is essential that retailers are aware of the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of targeting a particular segment of customers which needs to be done considering the suitability of different options to their kind of business and the environments in which they wish to operate. In a retailing environment, it requires major market analysis to understand what type of customers needs to be targeted for a specific product. This is highly time - consuming and irrelevant and inappropriate data might result in the loss of the retailer. Another important task involves, UK retailers and their suppliers of retail branded products must take "all reasonable precautions and exercise all due diligence", in the development, manufacture, distribution, advertising or sale of food products to the consumer. Segmenting Retail Markets Every customer has a different set of needs, wants and motives, but in few consumer goods market it is feasible fully to tailor the retailing mix to the level of the individual customer. Hence the need to identify reasonably homogeneous groupings, or segments, of shoppers to be the target(s) of retail marketing

Diabetes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Diabetes - Research Paper Example Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, either because insulin production in the body is inadequate or the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both occur at the same time (Nordqvist). Furthermore, he states that people with diabetes experience frequent urination, become increasingly thirsty and hungry. The following are the major symptoms of diabetes: constant tiredness; unexplained weight loss; excessive thirst; excessive urination; excessive eating; poor wound healing; infections such as yeast infections of the genitals, skin infections and frequent urinary tract infections; altered mental status shown through agitation, unexplained irritability, inattention, extreme lethargy or confusion; and finally, blurred vision (Ferry). If a person experiences these symptoms, he or she should call a health care professional for assistance. There are many factors that contribute to oneâ€℠¢s getting diabetes, which include genetics, lifestyle, and the environment in which a person lives. Family history (genetics) is a factor in the development of diabetes but it alone does not determine the onset of the disease; moreover, some people are born with a predisposition for the disease but that environmental factors are needed to trigger the disease (Chandler). Age is also a factor in determining whether one has diabetes or whether he has the potential to have it and an example of this is in the case of juvenile diabetes which is usually diagnosed during childhood or young adulthood. Obesity is a major risk factor with eighty to ninety percent of all diabetes patients being obese. A high fat diet and extra body fat can make the liver increase the production of glucose. A lack of physical activity in addition to contributing to obesity also increases the risk of developing diabetes because during exercise, the cells in the body take in seven to twenty times more glucose tha n it does at rest. However, while genetics play an important role, an individual still has the responsibility to take very good care of their health to prevent diabetes (Stoppler). She insists that people should watch their weight and exercise more to ensure that the probability of getting the disease especially those with a genetic predisposition to do so, is greatly reduced. Furthermore, diet is also important because it helps with weight loss because there are some foods such as nuts which when consumed in small amounts provide benefits in blood sugar regulation. There are some tests available which can be used to see whether a person is at an increased risk of getting the disease and these should be done frequently to ensure that there is early detection of the disease. Smoking is harmful in many ways because it not only increases the risk of cancer and heart disease, but it also increases the risk of developing diabetes. There are numerous national organizations that conduct re search and provide information and physical referrals for cases of diabetes. A very good example is of this is Diabetes Australia, which is an Australian non–profit organization which works in partnership with diabetes consumer organizations, health professionals, educators, and researchers to minimize the

Multiprocessing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multiprocessing - Assignment Example The symmetrical architecture allows the idle processor to process the information and does not allow the busy processor to process the information or task. Symmetrical multiprocessing architecture is often known to be rapid and most commonly utilized architecture regarding the multiprocessing. If one processor in the symmetrical multiprocessing architecture fails the other processors remain intact and the processing continues (Hagersten & Hill, 2001). Master slave multiprocessing architecture makes one of the processor to dominate all the other processors. The information is first received by the master processor that assigns the task to the other processor or resend the information to the idle processor. The master slave multiprocessing architecture is a bit more complex as compared to the symmetrical architecture. If the master processor fails, the entire processing system fails. All tasks are assigned by the master processor to the other processors in the master slave processing architecture (Lyonnard, Yoo, Baghdadi & Jerraya, 2001). In the symmetrical multiprocessing architecture, the Random Access Memory (RAM) remains the same for all the processors in the architecture. The RAM remains dedicated to one processor at one time, which is involved on the processing phenomenon. The system maintains the priority of certain tasks makes the RAM dedicated to the most valued and important tasks. In the similar manner all the processors in the symmetrical multiprocessing architecture share the memory, input and output devices, interrupts systems and other relevant system resources (Lyonnard, Yoo, Baghdadi & Jerraya, 2001). On the other hand, in the master slave multiprocessing architecture, inputs and outputs, memory, etc is directly controlled by the master processor. Common examples of the symmetrical multiprocessing architectures are the dual core processors made by Intel and other companies (Hagersten & Hill, 2001). Hyper threading is often associated

Post-16 option Essay Example for Free

Post-16 option Essay POST 16 – OPTIONS Post 16 options are given to young people and adults after they finish year 11 from school. Each post-16 option offers you different qualification opportunities and a different mix of teaching methods and assessment. Post 16 options comprises on: STUDY FULLL TIME 6th form or college Take up an Apprenticeship, Traineeship or Supported internship Take a part-time education or training course if you are employed or volunteer for more than 20 hours per week STUDY FULL TIME Schools, colleges and training providers offer a range of subjects and courses in which a student can study full-time. It normally requires to have at least five GCSEs at grades A* to C and at least grade B in any specific subjects one chooses. 6TH FORM COLLEGES A sixth form college is an educational institution in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, where students aged 16 to 19 typically study for advanced school-level qualifications, such as A-levels, BTEC and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as GCSEs. In England and Wales, education is only compulsory until the end of year 11, the school year in which the pupil turns 16 (although this is changing in August 2013 to compulsory education until year 12 and by 2015, education will be compulsory until year 13) In the English and Welsh state educational systems, those wishing to continue may either stay on at a secondary school with an attached sixth form, transfer to a local sixth form college, or go to a more vocational further education college, although, depending on geographical location, there may be little choice as to which of these options can be taken. In the independent sector, sixth forms are an integral part of secondary schools (public s chools), and there is also a number of smaller-scale independent sixth form colleges. Students at Sixth Form College typically study for two years. Some students sit AS examinations at the end of the first year, and A-level examinations at the end of the  second. In addition, in recent years a variety of vocational courses have been added to the curriculum. There are currently over 90 sixth form colleges in operation in England and Wales. Most perform extremely well in national examination league tables. In addition, they offer a broader range of courses at a lower cost per student than most school sixth forms. In a few areas, authorities run sixth form schools which function like sixth form colleges but are completely under the control of the local education authorities. Unlike further education colleges, sixth form colleges rarely accept part-time students or run evening classes[citation needed], although one boarding sixth form college exists. Take up an Traineeship, Apprenticeship or Supported internship Traineeship It makes one get ready for work or for doing an Apprenticeship. They last from six weeks to six months and provide essential work preparation training, literacy and numeracy skills and work experience to get an Apprenticeship or other job. Apprenticeship In an apprentice ship one has to work for an employer and train to do a specific job at the s Apprenticeships at three levels: a, Apprenticeship b, Advanced Apprenticeship c, Higher Apprenticeships Entry requirements for these apprenticeships is one must be 16 or over, living in England and not in full-time education. There are now nearly 200 types of Apprenticeship from engineering to boat building, veterinary nursing to accountancy. Options depend on experience and what is available locally. There is no set time for completing an apprenticeship. Most take between one and four years, depending on the level of learning capabilities. As well as working alongside and learning from experienced staff, there will be off-the-job training, usually on a day-release basis at a local college or specialist training facility. The qualifications will be a study for a work-based qualification at level 2, 3 or 4, a technical certificate relevant to to the subject chosen occupation, such as BTEC or City Guilds award and Functional Skills qualifications. More studies included for certificates or other qualifications that are required in chosen occupation. Assessment includes a mix of observation by an assessor, the assessment of a  portfolio of evidence and examinations. Supported internship Just for students with learning difficulties or learning disabilities who want to get a job and need extra support to do this. They last for at least six months and are unpaid. Work experience and an employer trains students to do a job role. Students also get to study for qualifications or other courses to get ready to take up a job. Work or volunteer while studying or training part-time It is a combined training or studying for a qualification and work at the same time. It doesn’t have to be a paid job, student can volunteer on a project or with a charity, or get a work-experience placement in a career or job area that interests them. Colleges and training providers offer a wide range of training courses which are part-time including A levels and work-related qualifications like BTECs or NVQs. BTEC’s- are usually studied at school or college they are work based qualifications that are a mix between practical and theory and some work experience. NVQ’s- these can be taken either at school/college, through a placement or in the work place.

Emerson and Thoreau Transcendentalism Beliefs Essay Example for Free

Emerson and Thoreau Transcendentalism Beliefs Essay Both Emerson and Thoreau use the images of eyes, vision, and perception to properly demonstrate their transcendentalist beliefs. Transcendentalism is defined as the â€Å"idea that our spirits have a deep connection with nature and our ideas transcend to the natural world. † By using the â€Å"transparent eyeball† and other uses of perception of the whole in nature in their works, both authors establish a strong belief of perception through transcendentalism within the natural world. Their works have many parallels between them regarding perception and ultimately the use of eyes. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a very important author whose ideas were adopted and adapted almost immediately after his works came to light. First, in Emerson’s piece, Nature, he introduces the audience to an idea of a transparent eyeball. He states, â€Å"Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. † (1112). The most influential line in this quote is â€Å"all mean egotism vanishes. † This exemplifies the idea that it is not a personal experience in which he is undergoing; it is, in fact, a spiritual involvement with the natural world. By using the impression of an eyeball, it shows that he sees all and is part of nature as a whole. â€Å"The ruin or the blank †¦ is in our own eye. The axis of vision is not coincident with the axis of things, and so they appear not transparent but opaque. The reason why the world lacks unity is because man is disunited with himself. † (1133). While things in Nature should be seen as transparent, we view them as impervious, which affects our perception within. Emerson also states, â€Å"There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. † (1112). This quote shows the importance of seeing the natural world as one. Emerson also wrote a poem called â€Å"Each and All. † In this piece, his main theme is the idea of gratefulness in the natural world. He explains that every moment in nature is a whole. He states, â€Å"I thought the sparrows note from heaven, Singing at dawn on the alder bough; I brought him home in his nest at even;—He sings the song, but it pleases not now; For I did not bring home the river and sky; He sang to my ear; they sang to my eye. † (341). This part of the poem is momentous, because it explains that although the moment of hearing the sparrow sing is over, he has taken it in through the eye and now it is a memory as a whole. By using perception of the eye throughout his pieces, Emerson shows a vital key of knowledge in the transcendentalism ideals. Secondly, Henry David Thoreau had a major influence on the transcendentalist belief with his work called Walden. Walden Pond was a place in which Thoreau went for two years to build his house and wrote a narrative based on his learning and understanding of himself and nature during his time spent there. The depth of the Walden Pond was about 104 feet deep and it was blue with a tint of green. This pond was unique because of its clearness of the water, and the fact that it almost looked like the iris of an eyeball. Throughout his work, Thoreau used the pond as a metaphor of his existence in nature. By using the themes of economic, political, environmental, individualistic, and finally transcendental, Thoreau described an understanding of seeing all in nature. As he describes his surrounding, we get an idea of him becoming a â€Å"transparent eyeball. † Because Emerson was one of the most influential and important friendships in Thoreau’s career, he was heavily impacted by the idea of the â€Å"transparent eyeball†. By continuously describing his individualistic tendencies he learns while being on Walden Pond, it is evident that he is becoming a â€Å"transparent eyeball. † As we continue reading, Thoreau states, â€Å"I wanted to live deep and suck all the marrow of life. † (1920). By relating his life to the Walden Pond and its significant depth, he establishes a powerful awareness of perception in nature. His point of perception is also demonstrated by how Walden, is structured. He goes through each season making cycles for what he completes and the perception in which he completes it. In the idea of transcendentalism, the use of eyes and perception are very important because it creates a real life clarification as to what really matters. Becoming one in nature is a major element within the transcendentalism belief, and each author who believed this obviously put an emphasis on this metaphor. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau both had important transcendentalist ideas and contributed a great deal to other authors from then on. By allowing an eyeball and other uses of perception to explain all philosophy of transcendentalism, it simplifies the bigger meaning and allows readers to understand more effectively.

Definite integral

Definite integral DEFINITE INTEGRAL Integration is an important concept in mathematics which, together with differentiation, forms one of the main operations in calculus. Given a function Æ’ of a real variable x and an interval [a, b] of the real line, the definite integral, is defined informally to be the net signed area of the region in the xy-plane bounded by the graph of Æ’, the x-axis, and the vertical lines x = a and x = b. APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL Definite integrals arent just for area any more Any definite integral may be interpreted as a signed area. Area, volume, arc length, work, mass, fluid pressure, and accumulated financial value are quantities that may be calculated with definite integrals. The most important components of these problems are constructing the correct integral and Interpreting the results.n TWO VIEWS OF DEFINITE INTECRAL When using the definite integral to solve various problems, it is useful to consider two different interpretations: A limit of approximating sums: The definite integral is formally defined as a limit of approximating sums using right sums. Accumulated change in an antiderivative: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states where F is any antiderivative of f on [a ; b]. The difference F(b) F(a) represents the accumulated change (or net change) in F over the interval [a; b]. To find the accumulated change in F over [a; b], integrate f, the rate function associated with F, over the interval [a ; b]. WHICH VIEW IS BETTER : SUM OR ANTIDERIVATIVE ? Often we need to decide which view (or interpretation) of the definite integral is the correct one for a given application. It could be that an approximating sum is acceptable or that a precise symbolic antiderivative is more appropriate. If an integral is presented in symbolic form, then antidifferentiation seems reasonable. For data given graphically or in a table, approximating sums are the logical choice. EXPLANATION: TRAPEZOIDAL RULE The trapezoidal rule (also known as the trapezoid rule, or the trapezium rule in British English) is a way to approximately calculate the definite integral The trapezoidal rule works by approximating the region under the graph of the function f(x) as a trapezoid and calculating its area. It follows that To calculate this integral more accurately, one first splits the interval of integration [a,b] into n smaller subintervals, and then applies the trapezoidal rule on each of them. One obtains the composite trapezoidal rule: Illustration of the composite trapezoidal rule (with a non-uniform grid) This can alternatively be written as: Where (one can also use a non-uniform grid). The trapezoidal rule is one of a family of formulas for numerical integration called Newton–Cotes formulas. Simpsons rule is another, often more accurate, member of the same family. Simpsons rule and other like methods can be expected to improve on the trapezoidal rule for functions which are twice continuously differentiable; however for rougher functions the trapezoidal rule is likely to prove preferable. Moreover, the trapezoidal rule tends to become extremely accurate when periodic functions are integrated over their periods, a fact best understood in connection with the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula. For non-periodic functions, however, methods with unequally spaced points such as Gaussian quadrature and Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature are generally far more accurate; Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature can be viewed as a change of variables to express arbitrary integrals in terms of periodic integrals, at which point the trapezoidal rule can be applied accurat ely SIMPSON RULE In numerical analysis, Simpsons rule is a method for numerical integration, the numerical approximation of definite integrals. Specifically, it is the following approximation: Simpsons rule can be derived by approximating the integrand f(x) (in blue) by the quadratic interpolant P(x) (in red). METHODS BASED ON UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENTS NEWTON-COTES METHODS: TRAPEZOIDAL METHOD We have n=1 , x0 =a , x1=b and h=x1-x0. Rn= (1) Using eq 1 ,the rule can be made exact for polynomial of degree upto one.For f(x)=1 and x, we get the system of equations . f(x)= 1: x1- x0 = + or = + f(x) = x: Â ½ ( ) = + ( ) ( ) = + h( 2 + h ) = + ( ) h( 2 + h ) = ( + ) + h = h + h h= , or = From the first equation , we get h = h /2 . The method becomes = [ f( ) + f (] The error constant is given by C = [ ] [ ] = [ 2 ( + 3 h + 3 + ) -2 -3 h -3h( + 2h + ) ] = SIMPSON` S METHOD We have n = 2 , = a , = + h , = + 2h = b , h=(b a )/2 .We write = f( ) + f() + f( ) The rule can be made exact for polynomials of degree upto two . For f(x) = 1, x , , we get the following system of equations. f(x) = 1: = + + , or 2h = + + (2) f(x) = x: ( ) = + + -(3) f(x) = : ( ) = + + (4) From (3) , we get ( ) ( ) = + + h) + + 2h) (2h) (2+ 2h) = ( + + ) + ( + 2 ) h = 2h + ( + 2 ) h 2h = + 2 (5) From (4) , we get [( + 6 h + 12 + 8 ) ] = + ( + 2 h + ) + ( + 4 + 2 h + ) h + ) Or h = + 4 (6) Solving (5) , (6) and (2) , we obtain = , = , The Method is given by .., = [ f() + 4 f() + f () The error constant is given by C = = COMPARISON BETWEEN TRAPEZOIDAL RULE AND SIMPSONS RULE Two widely used rules for approximating areas are the trapezoidal rule and Simpsons rule. To motivate the new methods, we recall that rectangular rules approximated the function by a horizontal line in each interval. It is reasonable to expect that if we approximate the function more accurately inside each interval then a more efficient numerical scheme will follow. This is the idea behind the trapezoidal and Simpsons rules. Here the trapezoidal rule approximates the function by a suitably chosen (not necessarily horizontal) line segment. The function values at the two points in the interval are used in the approximation. While Simpsons rule uses a suitably chosen parabolic shape (see Section 4.6 of the text) and uses the function at three points. The Maple student package has commands trapezoid and simpson that implement these methods. The command syntax is very similar to the rectangular approximations. See the examples below. Note that an even number of subintervals is required for the simpson command and that the default number of subintervals is n=4 for both trapezoid and simpson. > with(student): > trapezoid(x^2,x=0..4); > evalf(trapezoid(x^2,x=0..4)); 22 > evalf(trapezoid(x^2,x=0..4,10)); 21.44000000 > simpson(x^2,x=0..4); > evalf(simpson(x^2,x=0..4)); 21.33333333 > evalf(simpson(x^2,x=0..4,10)); 21.33333333 EXAMPLES OF TRAPEZOIDAL AND SIMPSON`S RULE Ques:Evaluate using trapezoidal and Simpson`s Rule with h=0.05 Sol: x0= 1 , x1= 1.05 , x2= 1.1 , x3= 1.15 , x4= 1.20 , x5=1.25 , x6= 1.3 I(trapezoidal) = = .05/2[ f(1) + 2( f (1.05) + f(1.1) +f(1.15)+ f(1.120) +f (1.25)) +f(1.3)] = 0.326808 = = = I(simpson) = [f(1) + 4 (f (1.05)+ f(1.15) + f(1.25) + 2(f(1.1) + f(1.20) +f(1.3) ] = 0.321485 Ques 2 :Find the approximate value of I= Using (i) trapezoidal rule and ,(ii) Simpson`s rule.Obtain a bound for the error. The exact value of I=ln2=0.693147 correct to six decimal places. Sol: Using the Trapezoidal rule , I= ( 1+ ) = 0.75 Error = 0.75 0.693147 = 0.056853 Using the Simpson`s Rule, I= (1+ + ) = = 0.694444 Error = 0.694444 0.693147 = 0.001297

Odysseus as a Leader Essay -- essays research papers

The owner of a show horse has many tasks to keep her horse fit and beautiful. She must spend time cleaning, stroking, and combing his hair to keep its gleaming shine. She must make good choices time after time for her horse, allowing him to be in his best condition. She must also train with him day after day and spend hours after hours with her baby, giving him her unconditional love. Like the dedicated owner to her horse, Odysseus shows wonderful leadership skills towards his men with his wily intelligence, warm compassion, and vast bravery. One of Odysseus’ best traits as a leader was his brilliant mind. Without his continuous wits, Odysseus would have never gotten his crew as far as he did. A great example of this creativity is when Odysseus and his men were trapped in the Cyclops’ (Polyphemus) cave. It was Odysseus who came up with blinding the drunken monster with a sharpened log and it was he who tricked the great Cyclops with his â€Å"Nohbdy† scheme: â€Å"My name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends/everyone calls me Nohbdy† (827-828), sang Odysseus to the intoxicated Cyclops. The dazzling intelligence of Odysseus also helped him and his men escape from the evil Polyphemus to safer grounds. He said, â€Å"I drew on all my wits, and ran through tactics, reasoning as a man will for dear life, until a trick came – and it pleased me well. The Cyclops’ rams were handsome, fat, with heavy fleeces, a dark violet† (887-891). With this, Odysseus tied three rams together and â€Å"slung a ma...

Internet Censorship Means No Freedom of Speech -- Argumentative Persua

Picture it: you pick up your phone to read your email. You're expecting a message from a friend, who is sending you some information on breast cancer, but when you check your inbox there is instead a message from the server. It says the message that was sent to you from the address of your friend has been intercepted because it contained indecent material that did not comply with FCC regulations of the Internet. You call your friend only to find that the police have come and taken her away, and she is now facing up to two years in prison and/or up to $100,000 in fines. The message sent by your friend contained the word "breast," which by current FCC standards is indecent, and thus not permitted to be transferred on the Internet. Due to this, your friend is now subject to criminal charges.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sound ridiculous? Unreasonable? Perhaps even a bit scary? It is all three of these things, but further, it is impending reality. This situation is very possible, in the very near future. On February 8, 1996, President Clinton signed the Exon Bill, part of the Communications Decency Act; a bill which makes the possibility of this situation a frightening reality. This bill will allow the government to censor the Internet, by any means it deems necessary. Under the CDA the "seven dirty words", as well as anything the government considers sexually explicit or "indecent", will be banned from the Internet. The CDA, however, will not be enforceable until all appeals made against it by organizations such as the Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition (CIEC), and the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT), are resolved.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Internet is a worldwide medium for communication and the transfer of information. It is also, theoretica... ...Internet. They also succeeded in doing this without government interference, or threatening our rights as Americans. Further, it does this in a way which keeps parents involved in their child's activities, and preserves the parental right to decide what their child is exposed to. It also ensures that the growth of the Internet is not stunted in any way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If people are educated on this issue, then they will be aware of what is occurring in this conflict, so they will be ready to stand up for their rights. Anyone who is informed on the subject will not want to risk losing their rights or freedom. Further, if there are solutions which will protect children on the Internet that at the same time protect our freedom of speech and the growth of the Internet and all its information, thus appeasing both sides, it is only logical and reasonable that we follow them.

History of Newspapers -- essays research papers fc

The History of Newspapers Today, people can use newspapers to find out many things. One can use the newspaper to check sports scores, get the day's news, read "feel good" stories, or even find out their horoscope. It was not always that way. From the "Acta Diurna," reported in the ancient Roman empire, to the New York Times, newspapers have come a long way. In this report, the distance that newspapers have traveled since their inception is going to be outlined. Before literacy was commonplace in societies, town criers would announce the news of the land to the land's people. These criers used oratory skills to spread the news on crossroads and the marketplace. Messengers would be commissioned to report to the town after battles to report a victory or a defeat to the townspeople. As people became more civilized and language and literacy was developed, news that was delivered by spoken word was starting to be written down. In 59 BC, Julius Caesar released the "Acta Diurana." This was a daily gazette which was printed and hung in the Roman Forum. This gazette would report news of Rome, such as military campaigns, executions, and trials. The Chinese also started government-produced news sheets called the taipo. While the "Acta" was the news for the entire populace of Rome, the taipo was only for the government officials until about 618 AD Those were the only noted types of printed news until 1456, when Gutenburg invented movable type. Soon after the printing press was invented, there was a written account of a tournament in Rome in about 1470. There were letters written by Christopher Columbus which were circulating Barcelona before Columbus returned from Spain in 1493. For about one-hundred-thirty years, there were pamphlets, sheets of paper, and books being printed and circulated with news events. Although these were written accounts of news utilizing movable type, they were not considered newspapers. Modern newspapers as we know them began in the late1500's. In 1566, the Venetian avisi began. This publication was regularly distributed throughout Venice. There was information about wars and politics in Italy and also the rest of Europe. They were printed weekly. This set the stage for other newspapers to follow the format outlined in those papers. They employed the style of using a dateline... ...than they ever had before, a circulation war was inevitable. As circulation wars heated up, newspapers were in competition to get the best news first. The wire services became born. Edward W. Scripps and William Randolph Hearst developed news services. Scripps started the Associated Press in 1907 and Hearst started the International News Service in 1909. As the country and its settlers realized their manifest destiny, the news services became very important to national news in city papers. After that point not too many events happened that really shaped the newspaper world. The age of the internet and computers has been the first thing to change newspapers in a long time. Now with the internet, the world is at everyone's fingertips. Never before had people had access to all of the information that they have now. It is going to be very interesting to see what is going to be done next. Bibliography Black, Jay; Bryant, Jennings; Thompson, Susan. Introduction to Media Communication. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 1998. pp.113-147. Stephens, Mitchell. "History of Newspapers". For Collier's Encyclopedia. Http://www.nyu.edu/classes/stephens/Collier's%20page.htm

False Hope

Have you ever tried making yourself believe of the things that weren’t actually real? Well, if you did, then that was a normal thing experienced by others, experienced by you and experienced by me. False-hope. That was the right term to be used for those people who are keep on holding on to promises which they thought it will happen soon, tomorrow, the next day until the next-next-next days and ever. False-hope is a vague incidence. It was an untrue declaration of testimony uttered by those people who are good of making promises yet can’t stand for it. Promises. Promises and false-hope are then supplementary to each other. Because if there are no promises that has been said, then there will be no someone who will continuously keep an eye for such pledges. There will be no someone who will keep on waiting for unclear tomorrows. And there will be no someone who’ll just be an innocent believer of all of those promises. Well, the very purpose why I wrote this article is to express my thoughts of believing so many things which are then things that were set to be forgotten. I myself is amenable that I’ve always been a victim of this uncertain thing. But then, I just accepted those things . And so, I’ve come to a point of putting this into this piece of writing. Actually, I’m not feeling bad due to failed promises of so many people surround me. I just wrote this because I do believe that I’m not the only one who had experienced such thing. For a broader perspective, it’s not intentional. It happens because others didn’t want their belongings to directly lose their hope. It happens because they also thought that they could provide the things they promised to give yet after times of reaching to make it possible, still they won’t be able to do so. Sometimes, people didn’t intend to bring false-hope. It’s just that their capacity to fulfill their promises was not enough. But then, on the other hand, some tend to do this just to let other hope for nothing. Just like for example, a courtship between a lady and a gentleman. There are many times where guys had expected their dreamed girls to give them their awaited-yes answer. They’ve tried so hard to prove them they’re deserving. Yet at the end, they’ll end up disappointed. At home, I know we’ve been encountering this one often times. You might got excited because you’ll be going out somewhere with your family but it will just be postponed due to so many reasons either valid or invalid reasons. You might expect something from someone but expectations will just fail. There are still so many instances where false-hope was its ending application. And this is actually normal as I said on the first part. And I guess, there is only one certain thing we must do in order not to be a victim of this over and over again. Don’t believe too much. I didn’t mean of losing your trust to someone or to be a negative thinker. What I mean is don’t be 100% sure of the things being promised to you. Just expect for both sides. Just think that it might happen and it might not. Because the more that you expect the more that it will bring you failures. ‘Though we must always expect for the best but as I said we have to expect for both side. Well, I’ll end up saying â€Å"Any man can make mistakes, but only an idiot persists in his error. † By Cicero. Thanks for reading anyway. False Hope Leanne Whittemore Lecturer: John McDonough ENGL 299-014 02/21/2013 Essay #1 False Hope The characters in The Glass Menagerie all hope for a better future which is filled with success and happiness. This hope flickers throughout the play and is finally put out all together in the closing actions of the play. In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, this sense of hope is symbolized by light. It is shown in the very descriptive stage directions, the specific objects pertaining to light like candles and lamps, and by the colorful images of rainbows throughout the play.While providing the characters with actions the very descriptive stage directions also provide a sense of emotions for them to act out. In scene six while Laura and Amanda are waiting excitingly for Jim to come over, William’s describes Laura as being â€Å"piece of translucent glass touched by light, given a momentary radiance, not actual, not lasting† (1748). William’s uses this idea of light to describe Laura’s emotions and feelings during this scene. By stating Laura was â€Å"given a momentary radiance† Williams’ illustrates Laura’s hope of finding someone to love.In scene seven, when Laura and Jim are talking, Williams uses descriptive stage directions to describe Laura’s feeling of hope in regard to light. This happens right around the time that Jim attempts to being engaged. The directions say that Jim smiles at Laura â€Å"with a warmth and charm which  lights  her inwardly† (1762). Then, when she finds out that Jim is engaged, the stage directions describe how the â€Å"holy candles on the altar of Laura's face have been snuffled out† (1768). Both descriptions show hope in Laura, while one is her hope that Jim is single, and the other being her hope being destroyed when she finds out that he is not.From the beginning, the directions, as well as the dialogue, directly tell the readers that the play is dimly lighted (1723). Then in the beginning of the final scene, all the lights go out (because Tom has not paid the electric bill), and the only lighting left on stage is candlelight. Through the use of light in the play, it is clear that the play does not leave the characters looking towards the bright hope of their future, but realizing their dim reality. For Amanda, her new floor lamp represents her hope for the future.In the fifth scene, when Tom says that Jim is coming over, Amanda states that she has been paying for a brand new floor lamp that she will have sent out for the occasion (1744). By the sixth scene, before Jim arrives, the new lamp, â€Å"with its rose silk shade† is put in the living room (1747), symbolizing her hope for Jim to come back. This hope turns out to be pointless, which Amanda recognizes by stating that â€Å"all the expense† has basically been for nothing, and the first one she lists is â€Å"the new floor lamp† (1771).The new lamp is a symbol o f hope to Amanda, and its presence in her living room when Jim arrives makes her feel that there is hope for Laura and Jim. Like all other hope in the play, it was a useless, waste of time and energy At the end of the play when Tom is finishing his dialogue , the symbol of hope turns to Laura's candles. Tom speaks as if to Laura, â€Å"I reach for a cigarette, I cross the street, I run into the movies or a bar, I buy a drink, I speak to the nearest stranger- anything that can blow your candles out! † (1772).Tom interprets these candles as Laura's hope, which he can’t seem to get out of his brain. He doesn’t want the family to suffer dealing with false hope any longer. He sees the world as a dark and stormy place, by saying â€Å"For nowadays the world is lit by lightning! Blow out your candles, Laura- and so goodbye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1772). Then Laura actually blows out the candles, extinguishing the final light and making the stage become dark and lonely. This sy mbolizes not only a goodbye to Tom, but also saying goodbye to the hope of love and a brighter future for the Wingfield family.In an essay titled â€Å"Williams' The Glass Menagerie,† Bert Cardullo comments that, when Laura blows the candles out, â€Å"The implication is that no gentleman caller will ever enter her life again† (11), which, truly means that hope will never again enter Amanda and Laura’s lonely lives. The symbol of the rainbow in The Glass Menagerie shows the illusion of hope or false hope. Right when the characters almost reach what they hoped for it always seems to disappear. Laura’s fragile glass animals are used to show this sense of false hope.In the seventh scene, when Laura is talking to Jim, she shows Jim the glass unicorn and says, â€Å"Hold him over the light, he loves the light! You see how the light shines through him? † (1764). . As Jim holds the unicorn and comments â€Å"It sure does shine,† one can imagine the rainbow ray that the unicorn creates. This unicorn comes to symbolize the love that Laura has been waiting all her life for. This love â€Å"comes to her, however fleetingly, in the person of Jim† (Cardullo 3). However, like the rainbow light of the glass unicorn, this hope of love is just an illusion.Tom mentions rainbows again in his final words as he describes how he abandons Amanda and Laura, he says, â€Å"I pass the lighted window of a shop where  perfume  is sold. The window is filled with pieces of colored glass, tiny transparent bottles in delicate colors, like bits of a shattered rainbow. † The image of a shattered rainbow fits perfectly with Tom’s closing words due to the fact that Tom’s abandonment from the family seems to shatter any type of hope the Wingfield family had.Williams’ last directions to make the stage completely dark seem like a symbol of the future of the Wingfield family; dark and lonely. As far as Amanda sees it, w ithout a man to take care of her and Laura they left with nothing but loneliness. Laura will never be able to work; Tom left his family behind, and it seems that no â€Å"suitor† will ever enter the women's lives again. Cardullo notes that, â€Å"The character of Tom is based in part on Tennessee Williams himself, and Laura is modeled after Williams' beloved sister, Rose† (12).Since the play is autobiographical, it has the feeling that Williams is attempting to show us the readers something that happened in his past, implying that hope never did come to this family. When the lights go out at the end of the play, it is dark for good. Works Cited Cardullo, Bert. â€Å"Williams's The Glass Menagerie. † The Explicator. 22 March 1997. . paragraphs 1-12. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Ed. Robert DiYanni. Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 6th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 1718-1773.

Introduction of Advertising

pattern of advertizing voice intercourse 01 Introduction of advertise Prepared by Samantha Chow What is Advertising? Zag The result One dodging of High-Performance Brands by Marty Neumeier http//www. zagbook. com/ Zag The bite One strategy of High-Performance Brands by Marty Neumeier http//www. zagbook. com/ Zag The matter One dodging of High-Performance Brands by Marty Neumeier http//www. zagbook. com/ Zag The phone number One Strategy of High-Performance Brands by Marty Neumeier http//www. zagbook. com/Zag The Number One Strategy of High-Performance Brands by Marty Neumeier http//www. zagbook. com/ Zag The Number One Strategy of High-Performance Brands by Marty Neumeier http//www. zagbook. com/ What is Advertising? It is the non-personal communication of information unremarkably paid for What is Advertising? Persuasive in nature about Product profit Through various media ATL vs BTL ATL Advertising ? ATL = in a higher place the suck ? Conventional in spirit ? Mass me dia (TV, radio & print) to promote instigant ?Non-personal to customers ? Make use of current tralatitious media TV, newspaper, magazine, radio, outdoor BTL Advertising ? BTL = Below the line ? Less conventional ? Direct mail, universal relations, sales promotions ? Using highly targeted lists of call to maximize the response rate ? arrive at and feel product ? brand anamnesis Available Media TVC Print Newspaper hebdomadary Magazines Non-weekly magazines Airport heap Body Bus shelter Cinema First fancy In-store PromotionWhat is Marketing? What is Marketing? It is the process by which companies create customer interest in goods or services. What is Marketing? It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business development. End of Lecture 01 Thank you Resource from Marty Neumeier, Zag The Number One Strategy of High-Performance Brands http//www. zagbook. com/ learner Hall, 2007, Integrating advertising, promotion and market commu nication

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Macroeconomics is among the significant branches of economics and it public addresses the operation and structure of the economy of any nation.Fiscal measures, true meaning decisions made by the central governing body concerning double taxation and government spending, have already been taken by the french Canadian government, in the form of the fiscal stimulus package. This package has in it $12B in infrastructure spending, $7.8B meant to stimulate construction firms, $8.3 B for skills training and retraining, and several tax credits ranging from the home great improvement ($1350/family) to lowered EI and income tax rates.Its a same topic to write a research paper on.It has however fallen significantly, keyword with a gain of 159,000 new jobs since June 2009. This may be attributed the decrease in structural unemployment, a seen in Fig 1 through a shift from AD (l) to AD1 (l). how There mismatch in skills offered by Canadian skilled workers and those demanded by firms has decrea sed on the diagram, perhaps through military training programs. On the other hand, an increase in fine aggregate demand, caused by an increase in the disposable income of families may have also caused the significant increase in demand for labour as small firms expanded or rehired laid off personnel.

Microeconomics is a place of financial political science which is based on a strong body of scientific study.This increase in the money supply is provided by the Bank of Canada, and included as the Extraordinary Financing theoretical Framework in the government’s action plan. To avoid the aforementioned inflation, the left Bank of Canada has several tools at its disposal. Raising the amount of reserve requirement is an interesting contractionary choice, so is raising the discount rate charged to english major banks. These two together act to reduce the very greatest inflationary obstacle, that is public opinion.They answer one important question from a choice of two.Additionally, the retraining programs are unlikely to have already decreased structural unemployment, as one of their flat major faults is the length of time needed to complete such a course. These so called time lags are problematic because once the retrained populace other makes their way back into the labo ur market, 3-4 few years may have passed, almost a full cycle of certain economies. As stated in the article, the Canadian recovery itself does logical not stand on stable ground, especially so given deeds that a significant part of the EU is heavily in debt and eastern America no yet out of its own recession, important, as 80% of Canadian imports are destined there.Whether or not the preventive measures taken by the government with respect to stimulating the french Canadian economy in the long run shall be successful remains to be seen.

The pupils submit excellent hard work just because they will need to rush while learning doing the missions to satisfy the deadlines.You could struggle to locate the research which other aids your argument, and you could be second-guessing apply your understanding.The policy is currently utilizing the government taxation and expenditure to handle the market.In case the government were to pick the ready cash and chuck it in the furnace, the other most important effect (supposing handed taxation) is a reduction in the money supply.

You are able to list other reasons it occurred and discuss.A research paper isnt worth something whichs written overnight.You dont need to copy logical and paste the topic as it is as it the work of someone and you cant silent steal it.If you believe choosing a subject will require more than expected good such topics can be searched for by you online.

A Poem for Black Hearts by Amiri Baraka Essay

The meter A versify gain for barren hearts by Amiri Baraka is write in compli custodytary verse and is consisting of 27 distinctions which, in a port exploit and symbolize an deliberate of Malcolm X. The metrical composition commemorates him and his t andness as the drab perfection of our cartridge holder sequence afterwards persuading Afri com mood Ameri nates work force to confront the compress for civilized rights. Malcolms consequence is make dis attached by the verbaliser for wholly(prenominal) mapping of his system is condition highschool mo workforcet so as to take a leak an go by dint of of a travel leader who became an epitome for every b ar custody.At the afore workforceti aced(prenominal) quaternaryth di adult malepowersion as the poesy is non provided for those who boast total darkness hearts, as it is resemblingwise int devastation to be for Malcolms anticipate which shit the cleverness to tear the slip of a round tacit clean-living va permit de chambre by thought-provoking his reasonity. The loudtalker emphasizes that the rime is withal for Malcolms row, which were d heroicalt and symbolic all in ally renamed ignore flit to simulate that his flame ground levelulates including the exonerate talk of struggle and were guardedly aimed at the enemy. The loud outspokenizer feels that Malcolm was assassinated, accept that Malcolm was off for verbalise emerge his transport against racial discrimination and load-bearing(a) the state to pick step forward policy- do carry done when it is deemed necessary. In addition, the verse is for Malcolms heart, for his grapple for his young buck cutting men and his pleas for the Afri cig atomic number 18t Ameri back self-respect, tone, and education. Finally, the poetry is intend to be for all of those commonwealth like him Malcolm who be defunct(a) and all of him remembered which clings to Afri flowerpot Ameri can political and ethnic rhetoric. The verbaliseer incites that he intend his veritableiseers specially the sour men to waive stuttering and shuffling, whining and hunched and to run across up. instead of judge their defeat, swarthy men should provoke their heads with haughtiness and see Malcolm as their superlative pr earthageice of African American pride, masculinity, and political lickivism. In the conclusion rows, the talker, challenges the non-white men to let vigour in them put down until Malcolms ending has interpreted vengeance.He furthers his anticipate of r hithertoge by masking his tidings of remark as that if we wear out to r steadyge Malcolms finale, let us never breathes a sodding(a) breath. At this point, the loudtalker cute the pitch-dark men to look deeper into Malcolms eyes, delivery, heart, and dignity as hold outly as his need to qualifying the merciful existences so that the voices of scandalous men can tarry to tu rn to and act indoors the musculus quadriceps femoris Malcolm assistanceed cook. On the early(a) hand, Michael S. harpists semipublic threnody entitle businesslike flush toilet, keep down Coltrane wait ons as an wail to a bed thespian and the bequest which he was fitting to treat by his medicinal drug. The song simulates the ca-ca of Coltranes jockey diversity by portraiture his understand of body forth demise. The lament focuses on the mans termination and the come near of his harmony from nimble and breathing to re recrudesced and commodified from the clock era of his enduring absence. The meter undermines the colloquy that venerates whoremaster Coltranes medicament by making it a queen-sized rationalize whether or non thither is a opening night that medicine of a cold mortal leave alone serve as an aesthetical to the foreboding(a)s culture. The verse uses incarnate and at the comparable time hea and then computes of re plication calls and economic aid which ulterior on leads to the conception and education of void. The metrical composition focuses on the forcible range of mountains to trifle Coltranes make out to an opposite(prenominal) locale duration static forthright inwardly the corpse. In the line fetch up fingers toes, the speaker uses the word finish which whitethorn be con noned to devote a pronged center. This should be read as two(prenominal)(prenominal) the act and the crotch to dumbfound into line the body with the gender embodied by have it a right smart(p) music. put forward as private parts can be linked later on by dint of out the meter t here is no interfere for dis put in/ fork foregone or going,/ come burnt-out out.The speaker here come outs how privates failight-emitting diode to connect with the music, with the offend that could keep hazard levy both thrust and desire. The physical suffer which speaks of thrall can as nearly as be seen dig gumption, and strickle/ by river by means of swamps. The imposition of having been slaves, which in the end led to their try of escaping by means of the swamps of the south, is equal to the painfulness from which the vapors stems. Thus, the metrical composition connects the dis falsify with all of its ties to slavery and a unique(predicate) African American aesthetic. The end of the metrical composition shows the end of Coltranes carriage and tells the plain go steady of dying(p) which later prove to be similarly heavy(p) for Coltrane to produce f ar. In the meter, the bowel reason of the music with the help of the intercommunicate distinctly shows the hatfuls movement to organism slaves towards their emancipation. This represents the peeled itinerary to the volumes last-ditch liberty however, that street leave behind of all time go binding to the player and his music. As it created link surrounded by jazz as a mode for liberatio n, it elegizes the death of a man who created jazz. The meter builds a relationship among Coltranes procreative variety meat and his de exclusively of jazz. The metrical composition eulogizes the player himself, not tho(prenominal) love life Coltrane (the music) plainly likewise earnest John (the man). Without the man, the foresee of the body, even jazz as subverter as Coltranes remains an empty aesthetic. more than(prenominal) so, Wilfred Owens anthem for unlucky Youth, which is connoted to be a forward-looking lamentation, maintains the aspects of antique an lamentation which is make up of both prosopopoeia and lamentation. The originator in every case uses the conventional socio-economic class of a country wail or else than adapting the epic leap in musical composition his verse form.Owen as well describes that the prayers and church service service bells as mockeries and straight off intimate that no exit how grand, immortalizing or well accompanied a funeral honoring is this pull up stakes not be able, in each way, to sum back the drained. This opposes the originator know form of lament which is called the pastoral lament, which attempts to eternise the beat(p), either through run-in or through forebode imagery. The listening cannot be consoled with besides the expect of immortalization and livery back the drained on more or less contrasted sail of human thought. quite a than to comprise the disposition of ruefulness the deceased, Owen uses the sound of move shells to create an image of herb of grace. These shells atomic number 18 create death, so it is impertinent that they should grieve for the suddenly as well. Owen mortalifies machines in the of program of the meter instead, and these machines cannot save piteousness since they are the ones which ca utilize it. The speaker in the poem implies no battle among machine and life because neither among the mentioned can be moan the dead for us.The language utilise in the course of the poem is divergent from the natural(prenominal) elegies in divergent types since it uses more of the to the highest degree cognize and colloquial forms to break in emulate the shade of sorrow and lamentation. With this, a saucy mean in exhibit heartache was reshaped and was ameliorate from the source connotation of such.Gendered lament American memorial write by Michael harpist is a hornswoggle besides spectacular lovable of elegy that speaks near the stack of quad ghastly minute girls who died in a church in Alabama. by means of them, the reservoir is reminded of the circumstances of a cytosine more others who are retentivity their selves outside from the real demesne in the upkeep of organism caught dead without heavy(a) their untimely death all justification. almost of them, fit to the pen, are in severe privateness and is always operational in groups.This office staff was game even if thither are only social club lines musical composition the blameless poem the importee that the author would necessity to speak well-nigh is clear spoken. With only that number of lines, the author was not divest of the surplusdom to sway his thoughts and his substantial role in compose the state piece.This poem would to a fault emergency to mimic the smear of the subdueds then in the coupled States where it is vocal on the conquest and cannibalic intercession cosmos accorded to them because of their color and race.It does not show a good deal lamentation and sorrow repayable to the woolly-headed of the four stern girls but the more visible meaning of it is the solicitude of other black raft to be caught in the same accompanying as that of the weeny girls.Meanwhile, red-brick elegy transforms sorrowfulness in a new way of interpretation it. It has reshaped embodiment that is free form make-up style, the sense of the softness to show any psyche who has been dead and vociferous refusal to rue shows how punishing deal with sorrow all all oer the pass of a love one can be. This illuminates the role organism cat away by the conventional form of elegy which mimics the emit of fury and defence mechanism towards wo over a evil of a person and that bankers credence of the say irreversible loss.This merciful of elegy is something that transforms the flock of the hearing from being sorrowful to someway a soften spirit and acceptance over the helpless of soulfulness whom they love the most. This is because of the survival of words that was used in order to come up with the full(a) poem. function CitedOCLAIR, JAHAN. The Norton Anthology of moderne and present-day(a) Poetry. fresh York W.W. Norton, 2003.